Med Principles
@MbbsPrinciples
Specialty Doctor (NHS), Medical Author and Tutor
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Young female developed acute kidney injury following initiation of ACEI, think Fibromuscular dysplasia.
Drugs Associated with Lung fibrosis Amiodarone Busulphan Bleomycin Methotrexate Sulfasalazine Nitrofurantoin Dopamine agonists - Bromocryptine, Cabergoline, Pergolide
Common Causes of Acanthosis Nigricans T2DM GI Cancers Obesity PCOS Acromegaly Cushing's disease Hypothyroidism Prada-willi syndrome COCP Familial
Drugs causing Peripheral Neuropathy Metronidazole Amiodarone Vincristine Isoniazid Nitrofurantoin
One of the few among several thousands of People who have come back to appreciate our effort in putting the Principles Series together Means so much to us
Rules of '10' in Pheochromocytoma 10% are Bilateral 10% are Extra-adrenal 10% are Familial 10% are Malignant
Most common cardiac defects in Marfan syndrome: Dilation of aortic sinuses (90%) Mitral valve prolapse (75%)
Drugs to Avoid in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) ACEIs Nitrates Dihydropyridine CCBs Inotropes
Simple Classification of Vasculitis Large Vessel: Giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis Medium vessel: Polyarteritis nodosa and Kawasaki disease Small Vessel: granulomatosis with polyangiitis and Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis GT-PK-GE
Achalasia Inability to relax the lower esophageal sphincter Features: dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain, chest infection, weight loss Barium swallow: Bird's beak appearance Definitive: manometry study Rx: CCB, nitrates, Botox, myotomy
Aortic Stenosis can be associated with Angiodysplasia; thus patient with AS presenting with e.g. anaemia, should have a colonoscopy When these occur with Acquired von Willebrand syndrome it is termed Heyde Syndrome
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura Pentad: Confusion, Fever, renal failure, low platelet and microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia Cause Auto-antibodies to ADAMTS13 that cleaves VWF Rx: Plasma exchange, Eculizumab
Some Auto-antibodies in Liver dx Alcoholic hepatitis - elevated IgA Autoimmune hepatitis - elevated IgG Primary biliary cholangitis - elevated IgM
Features of Life threatening Asthma - PEFR <33% best or predicted - Oxygen saturation <92% - Normal PCO2 (4.6-6.0 kPa) - Silent chest, cyanosis - Bradycardia, hypotension, dysrhythmia - Exhaustion, confusion, coma
Conditions/Drugs Associated with Galactorrhea PCOS Pry Hypothyroidism Phenothiazines Metoclopramide Domperidone Haloperidol NB: these are different from causes of Gynecomastia - to posted later
Oculomotor Nerve Palsy Features are Ipsilateral Ptosis Mydriasis Diplopia Downward and outward gaze
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