Hello, World! System Design Newsletter
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Learn the Art of Building Scalable and Resilient Systems. Read what engineers from Google, Microsoft and Amazon read. @rohitlakh Join our newsletter 👇🏻
What is serverless?
Ever heard of Serverless and thought: "Wait… no servers?" Don’t worry, you’re not alone. Let’s break down what Serverless actually means, how it works, and why it’s reshaping modern apps. 👇
11 Basic concepts every Backend Engineer Should Know👇
100 weeks of writing newsletter through @beehiiv Consistency is paying off
How did Instagram scale from 0 → 14M users in just over a year with only 3 engineers? - Built on Django for rapid iteration, iOS-only launch - AWS migration: EC2, S3, CloudFront, Elastic Load Balancing - Data strategy: PostgreSQL + NoSQL, caching with Redis/Memcached,…
It's Black Friday, traffic suddenly explodes 10x. Your app automatically adds more servers to handle the load. But just adding servers isn’t enough something else could break (like your database or backend). What extra strategy would keep your app running, even when traffic…
Your friend starts streaming a fast-paced FPS on Discord. Suddenly, their WiFi drops from 100 Mbps to 5 Mbps. The stream doesn’t just stop Discord lowers quality and drops frames to keep it alive. If you were designing this, what would you sacrifice: clarity or smoothness?
Your storage layer is cracking. Cassandra struggles with multi-tenant workloads at massive scale. Billions of tweets must stay instantly available. Do you keep pushing and tuning Cassandra, or take the leap and design a custom storage system from scratch?
Pinterest didn’t start dreaming of 500M users. In 2010, 3 founders + 1 engineer ran Python scripts in a tiny apartment. Their first stack was simple: Python for app logic, NGINX as HTTP proxy, MySQL with a read replica, MongoDB for counters, and a basic task queue. Users…
Imagine running a massive library with millions of books. Visitors walk in, ask for a book, and expect instant results. To handle this, you need a powerful search system. That’s exactly what Elasticsearch does for data... Think of Elasticsearch as Google for your own data.…
Ever heard of Serverless and thought: "Wait… no servers?" Don’t worry, you’re not alone. Let’s break down what Serverless actually means, how it works, and why it’s reshaping modern apps. First things first: Serverless ≠ No Servers Your code still runs on servers. The…
Ever wondered how your password stays safe online…
Ever wondered how your password stays safe online… …or how you can trust that a downloaded file isn’t tampered with? The answer is Hashing: a powerful technique that turns data into unique codes. Let’s break it down 👇
How is it even possible?
Ever made a video call straight from your browser and thought: "Wait, how is this possible without an app or plugin?" That’s the magic of WebRTC: real-time peer-to-peer communication on the web. Let’s break it down 🧵
How can you log into an app using Google or Facebook without sharing your password? Or how apps fetch your data securely without asking for your credentials? That’s thanks to OAuth. Let’s break it down 🧵
What is TikTok's secret sauce? Read the article
Ever wondered how TikTok delivers millions of personalized videos smoothly every day? It’s not magic: it's a mix of microservices, ML, databases, and CDNs working in perfect sync. Let’s peek into TikTok’s tech stack
How Reddit handles 91 million active users daily? Find out
Reddit has 504M+ users with 91M daily actives. That’s an insane scale. But with billions of posts containing images, GIFs & videos, Reddit faced a tough challenge: Efficiently storing & serving media metadata at scale. Here’s how they solved it 👇
What's behind the BBC's architecture!
How does the BBC handle millions of visitors during breaking news when traffic can TRIPLE in seconds? The secret: Serverless computing (AWS Lambda). Here’s how the world’s oldest broadcaster scaled for the internet age 🧵
Twitter stays online when millions are tweeting! How??
Twitter stays online even when millions are tweeting every second! Maintaining high availability (HA) at this scale is no joke. Here’s how Twitter does it, with Kubernetes 🧵
Why you buy more when you are in Amazon. Find out!
Ever wondered how Amazon seems to know exactly what you want, sometimes before you do? From books to gadgets, its recommendation engine is scarily accurate. Let’s break down how it works 🧵
The birth of Instagram.
How did Instagram scale from 0 to 14 million users in just over a year with only 3 engineers? From simple photo-sharing app to billion-user platform, here's the technical journey behind one of tech's greatest scaling stories 🧵
If you want to become good at system design (in 1 month), learn these 11 case studies:
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