NAPLEX Study Guide

#NAPLEX #pharmacy #medicine #statins

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and cyclosporine) are immunosuppressants used to prevent organ-transplant rejection, but their mechanism directly contributes to nephrotoxicity. ☑️By inhibiting calcineurin, they suppress IL-2–mediated T-cell activation, but…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Gepotidacin is a first-in-class, orally administered triazaacenaphthylene antibacterial drug that works by selectively inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV at unique binding sites, making it active against many resistant uropathogens. It was…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Drugs used to treat muscle spasms typically include skeletal muscle relaxants such as: 1⃣cyclobenzaprine 2⃣methocarbamol 3⃣tizanidine 4⃣metaxolone 5⃣baclofen 6⃣dantrolene ✅These agents typically work by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission, decreasing…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Vortioxetine is a drug used in the treatment of major depressive disorder. ☑️It acts as a multimodal serotonin agent, combining serotonin reuptake inhibition with direct modulation of several serotonin receptors (including 5-HT1A agonism and 5-HT3 antagonism).…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Zenocutuzumab is a bispecific HER2/HER3-targeting monoclonal antibody approved for tumors driven by NRG1 gene fusions, particularly: - non-small cell lung cancer - pancreatic cancer ☑️It works through a “dock-and-block” mechanism in which one arm binds HER2…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. The tetracycline drug, demeclocycline, is sometimes used in the treatment of SIADH👇 ☑️Demeclocycline is effective because it induces a reversible form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, reducing the kidney’s responsiveness to antidiuretic hormone (ADH).…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Suramin is an antiparasitic drug used primarily to treat African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and onchocerciasis, working by inhibiting multiple parasite enzymes involved in energy metabolism. ☑️It is administered IV and has an exceptionally long…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Fosfomycin works by irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme MurA (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase), which catalyzes the first committed step in bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis. ☑️By blocking this early, essential step, it prevents…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Clofazimine is well known for causing prominent skin-related effects, which are often the most noticeable and distressing adverse reactions for patients. ☑️The drug can lead to gradual discoloration of the skin, ranging from pink-brown to nearly black,…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Clonidine is a centrally acting α₂-adrenergic agonist that reduces sympathetic outflow, leading to decreased heart rate, vasodilation, and lowered blood pressure. ☑️Indications include hypertension, ADHD, and opioid withdrawal because of its ability to blunt…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Tizanidine and ciprofloxacin have a clinically dangerous interaction because ciprofloxacin is a strong CYP1A2 inhibitor, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing tizanidine. ☑️When taken together, ciprofloxacin can increase tizanidine plasma concentrations by…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Some drugs increase the risk of hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate deficiency. Among them include: ☑️Sulfonamides ☑️Nitrofurantoin ☑️Dapsone ☑️Quinidine, quinine, primaquine ☑️Ribavirin ☑️High-dose Penicillin G ☑️Cefotetan, ceftriaxone

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Sucralfate forms a protective barrier over ulcers by binding to injured mucosa in an acidic environment, and it is minimally absorbed, so systemic effects are rare. ☑️But because it contains aluminum, long-term use — especially in patients with renal…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. The COMT inhibitor tolcapone is associated with a well-documented risk of hepatotoxicity, including rare cases of severe liver injury and fatal hepatic failure. ☑️Because of this, tolcapone use requires baseline and frequent liver function monitoring, and it…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Vericiguat is a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator approved for patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who are at high risk of hospitalization or death. ☑️It works by enhancing nitric oxide–sGC–cGMP signaling,…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Amiodarone commonly disrupts thyroid function because of its extremely high iodine content and its direct effects on thyroid hormone metabolism (am-iod-arone). ☑️Amiodarone can cause hypothyroidism by inhibiting hormone synthesis or hyperthyroidism through…

FDA Limits Duchenne Gene Therapy, #Elevidys, After Two Teens Die of Liver Failure drugs.com/news/fda-limit…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant that works as a GABA B receptor agonist, reducing excitatory neurotransmission in the spinal cord to relieve spasticity. ☑️It is commonly used in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Vonoprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) that provides rapid, potent, and sustained suppression of gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase enzyme. ☑️It acts faster and more consistently than proton pump inhibitors, making it…

💊NAPLEX MedFact. First-generation JAK inhibitors lack the selectivity that later generations have - drugs such as tofacitinib, ruxolitinib, and baricitinib target more than one JAK subtype. ☑️Second-generation JAK inhibitors are designed to be far more selective for individual…